There be句型是小学、初中英语学习中的重要内容,表示(某处)有(某物/人)。
基本结构为“There be +某物/人+某地”。
注意区别:表达某人有某物,要用have/has
be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。单数is,复数are
如:
There is a table in the room. 房间里有一张桌子。
There are some birds in the tree. 树上有很多鸟。
一、 There be句型的结构
1.There is+a/an 单数可数+地点状语
There is a ruler on the desk.
书桌上有一把尺。
2.There are+复数可数+地点状语
There are four apples on the tree.
树上有四个苹果。
There are some flowers in the park.
公园里有许多花。
3.There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语
例:There is some water in the bottle.
瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可数名词,即使有some ,be动词也是单数)
There be选择就近原则:
重点考点:There be句型中,几个名词并列时,be的单复数形式由最近名词单复数决定。
如:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
本句中有钢笔、书和铅笔,离be最近的是单数a pen,因此,be动词用单数is。
二、There be 句型的疑问句及回答
(一)一般疑问句
把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。当肯定句中有some时,要改为any(否定变化也一样)。
There is some water on Mars.(火星上有一些水)
→Is there any water on Mars?(火星上有水吗?)
There are some fish in the water.(水里有一些鱼)
→Are there any fish in the water?(水里有鱼吗?)
(二)There be 句型的回答
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答: No, there isn’t/aren’t.
(三)特殊疑问句
提问There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
1.对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“Who”提问;当主语是物时,用“What”。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式,回答时根据实际情况来决定。
There are many things over there.(那边有很多东西)
→What's over there?(那边是什么?)
There is a little girl in the room.(房间里有个小女孩)
→Who is in the room?(谁在房间里?)
2.对地点提问:提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。
There is a computer on the desk.(桌子上有一台电脑)
→Where is the computer?(电脑在哪里?)
3.对数量提问:
How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语?
How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语?
There are two chairs in the bedroom.
卧室里有两把椅子。
How many chairs are there in the bedroom?
卧室里有多少把椅子?
例句
1.单数可数名词
肯定句There is an apple on the tree.
树上有个苹果
一般疑问句 Is there an apple on the tree?
树上有苹果吗?
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
就an apple提问 What's on the tree?
树上有什么?
2.复数可数名词
肯定句There are five boys in the classroom.
教室里有五个男孩。
一般疑问句Are there five boys in the classroom?
教室里有五个男孩吗?
肯定回答: Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there aren’t.
就数量提问:How many boys are there in the classroom?
教室里有几个男孩?
3.不可数名词
肯定句 There is some water in the cup. (水是不可数名词)(杯子里有些水)
否定句 Is there any water in the cup?(杯子里有水吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, there is. 否定回答: No, there isn’t.
三、There be 句型的否定形式
(一)There be 句型的否定:
在be后面加not即可,is not =isn’t,are not= aren’t
注意:句中如果出现some则改成any.
1.There is a knife in the kitchen.
厨房里有一把刀。
否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.
厨房里没有刀。
2.There are five apples on the tree.
树上有五个苹果。
否定:There are not five apples on the tree.
树上没有五个苹果。
3.There is some ink in the bottle.
瓶子里有墨水。
否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.
瓶子里没有墨水。ink是墨水,不可数名词。
4.There are some birds singing in the tree.
树上有几只鸟儿在歌唱。
否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.
树上没有鸟儿在歌唱。
四、There be 句型的时态
一般现在时:
there is/are
一般过去时:
there was/were
There was a bike under the tree yesterday.
昨天树下有一辆自行车。
一般将来时:
there will be
there is going to be
There is going to be a football match in our school next week.
下周我们学校将有一场足球赛。
此外,还有其他时态。
五、There be 句型的拓展
情态动词
表肯定推测:there may/must be:可能有/肯定有
表否定推测:there can't be:不可能有
There can't be forty books in the schoolbag.
书包里不可能有40本书。
反义疑问句
陈述句部分+be(not) there?
There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?
花园里有一个漂亮的女孩,是吗?
There are some books on the table, aren’t there?
桌子上有些书,是吗?